Embedded Academy Electromobility Software Developer E-Learning

1.  Embedded Software Basics: Learning time: 6 hours 15 minutes

This course provides an e-learning on fixed point arithmetic and on floating point arithmetic. Two ways of storing binary numbers are described, and limitations and typical errors of the methods are explained. This helps to avoid beginner mistakes and enables a quick introduction to the basics of embedded software.

2.  Introduction to Serial Bus Systems: Learning time: 14 hours 10 minutes

This course is designed to introduce you to important basic terms related to serial bus systems. Terms concerning hardware and software are explained. The focus of the first e-learning lies on very general basic terms that are relevant to most bus systems. For example, the terms bit rate, baud rate, latency, clock signal and router are explained, or what a protocol and a protocol stack actually are. At the beginning of the e-Learning, typical application areas of serial bus systems and their advantages over other systems are described.

The second e-learning deals with the OSI model, which is a reference model for communication systems and protocols. Two components of this model are particularly relevant for bus systems: the so-called physical layer and the data link layer. The last two e-learning courses are based on these mentioned layers. One of them covers basic terms of the physical layer, the other one those of the data link layer.

3.  Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC: Learning time: 3 hours 20 minutes

The e-learning course consists of three e-learning units: “CRC Definition,” “CRC-8,” and “CRC-16.” In this course, you will acquire the necessary knowledge to understand the calculation of CRC checksums. The first module imparts the definition and function of the CRC checksum. The modules are organized in ascending order of CRC sums, and the calculations are always explained using examples.

In the “CRC Definition” module, we uncover its significance, explore various CRC lengths, and delve into its principles, including functionality, polynomial representation, and generator polynomial.

In “E-Learning CRC-8,” we delve deeper into CRC-8 calculation, explaining steps with examples. Explore how the sender generates the CRC-8 checksum and how the receiver verifies message accuracy.

Continuing the journey, “CRC-16” explores CRC-16 calculation through detailed examples. Learn how CRC-16 is generated and verified, addressing diverse message lengths. Whether new to CRC or seeking a deep dive, this course empowers your understanding.

4.  Operating System: Learning time: 4 hours 40 minutes

You will learn when real-time operating systems are needed and which requirements they have. In particular, we cover the difference between soft real-time requirements and hard real-time requirements. You will also encounter the term “timing analysis” and learn about the difference between time-based tasks and event-based tasks. At the end you will be familiarized with three scheduling algorithms, before we cover three typical problems: task starvation, deadlock and race conditions.

5.  Real-Time Operating System RTOS: Learning time: 5 hours 25 minutes

The operating system in an embedded application has real-time requirements and thus a Real-Time Operating System is needed. We cover different real-time requirements, time and event-based tasks and more.

1.  Electronics and Electrical Fundamentals: Learning time: 15 hours 50 minutes

The first e-learning unit of this course is called “Electronics and Magnetism”. It covers the relationship between current, voltage and resistance, which is expressed by Ohm’s law. In addition, electric and magnetic fields are contrasted and different types of magnets are considered.

The second e-learning unit deals with the important components of a circuit, the capacitor and the coil, as well as the resulting phenomena and physical laws, the Lorentz Force, the Hall Effect and the principle of induction.

Furthermore, direct current and alternating current are analyzed. For the analysis of circuits, Kirchhoff’s Laws and the circuit types parallel circuit and series circuit are explained. With regard to alternating current, the Star connection and the Delta connection are considered.

The topic of AC circuits is covered in greater detail. Therefore, the complex numbers are explained in order to then discuss the complex voltage and the complex current. Furthermore, this chapter covers the impedance and the Root Mean Square.

The last part of the e-learning contains an introduction to power electronics, which is based on semiconductor elements. In addition to teaching technical basics, it explains how various components can be constructed using semiconductors. Here, special attention is paid to the diode and the MOSFET. The user is therefore familiarized with the concept of the p-n-junction.

2.  Power Electronics Fundamentals: Learning time: 10 hours 50 minutes

In the first e-learning we clarify what power electronics is and where it is applied. It also includes an explanation of the electronic switch. We deal with an example of an electronic circuit, from which we derive basic components. In the e-learning “Components of Power Electronics” you learn about the semiconductor basics and components including MOSFETs. The third e-learning is about the half bridge, that is used to control AC electrical machines and the last e-learning covers the topic of thermal design and assembly.

3.  Electrical Machines: Learning time: 8 hours 45 minutes

The first e-learning of this course gives an introduction into the basics of electrical machines where some general information is presented. Afterwards, four e-learnings offer an overview on different machine types: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PSM), Synchronous Machine (SM), Induction Machine (IM) and DC & Brushless DC Machines.

The e-learning on control design focusses first on the procedure of control parameterization. This includes topics such as decoupling, pre-control, simplification of the mathematical description, and control optimization methods. This is followed by the cascaded control, where we also discuss current control vs. torque control, field-weakening control, anti-shuffle control and speed control.

4.  Control of Electrical Machines: Learning time: 15 hours

In the e-learning on field-oriented control, we look at some basic physical concepts (torque, electromagnetic force) and consider them in relation to the DC motor. This also includes torque control. Discussing field-oriented control then allows us to understand how to incorporate this concept into electric control. We then move on to actually focus on electrical machines as controlled systems as well as the inverter as a control actuator. A short outlook on other machine types is also included.

5.  Vector Control: Learning time: 3 hours 45 minutes

Currently, an e-learning on the Park and the Clarke Transformation is available. In this e-learning, the reasons for using these transformations are discussed. By explaining the mathematical theory behind them, a solid understanding of the transformations themselves can be achieved which supports later application in practice.

1. E-Mobility: Learning time: 11 hours 40 minutes

The e-learning introduce the user to different topics relevant to understand the relevance and scope of e-mobility.

First of all, the learner will be introduced to the correct terminology to talk about this topic. We will have a look at which trends influenced the growth of electric mobility and how this might have changed the (automotive) market. This also includes highlighting the different use cases of electric vehicles and explaining the model of the total cost of ownership (TCO), which allows for a calculation of the total costs of a vehicle during its lifetime.

The next e-learning then focusses more closely on charging itself. The basics of EV charging will be explained, as well as different charging standards and modes, charging plugs or bidirectional charging.

The unit on “Electric Vehicle Systems” concentrates on the system architecture and elements of the system powertrain. This includes discussing basic electric drive system design, considering aspects of functional safety and highlighting various elements of the system energy management.

2.  EV charging: Learning time: 10 hours 50 minutes

First of all, the learner is made familiar with the basics of EV charging (charging modes, standards, levels). Afterwards, one e-learning focusses in particular on automated charging. To place EV charging into relation to our everyday life, use cases of EV charging are discussed as well. Moreover, it is also important to be informed about the grid interaction, which includes topics such as energy production and green energy.

The focus of the next two e-learnings is then on communication in electric vehicle charging. Therefore, first the concepts of the pilot signal and the duty cycle are introduced, before various communication mechanisms are described, the low-level and high-level communication for instance. Low level communication is, roughly speaking, the basic handshake, while high-level communication involves the transmission of much more data – including encrypted data.

3.  Electrified Powertrain: Learning time: 23 hours 45 minutes

The e-learning on power electronics will introduce the main elements of an electric circuit, their pros and cons and other semiconductor devices. We will focus on the half-bridge as a central element in power electronics before giving an outlook on thermal design and assembly.

Next, an e-learning on the basics of electrical machines introduces you to the different types of electrical machines relevant for the electrified powertrain and approaches their application in practice.

In addition to the e-learning on electrical machines, there is an introductory e-learning on the control of electrical machines available, which shortly explains some basics of control systems (system theory, time domain / frequency domain, transfer functions) as well as some basic principles of AC and DC machines. It closes by discussing some elements of control design and strategy.

In the e-learning “Battery and BMS”, we center on the battery with a focus on electric vehicle application. This includes an introduction into the anatomy of the battery (chemistry, classification, pack structure) as well as a discussion of battery management systems, short BMS.

4.  Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) for Vehicles: Learning time: 2 hours 30 minutes

In in this course, we will focus on basics of NVH relevant for the electrified powertrain. We will explain the physical description of sound, the relation between sound pressure, sound intensity and SPL as well as look at psychoacoustics and some aspects of sound design as well as noise propagation.

1.  V3.1 ASPICE – 1 – Overview: Learning time: 5 hours 25 minutes

The course “V3.1 ASPICE – Overview” is divided into two e-learning units and provides basic knowledge about Automotive SPICE. The first E-Learning provides reasons that speak for Automotive SPICE and introduces further standards that are relevant to the topic of Automotive SPICE. The second E-Learning provides an overview of the contents of the process model. The Process Reference Model (PRM) and the Process Assessment Model (PAM) are explained in detail. The concept of the standard is explained using an example process.

2.  V3.1 ASPICE – Engineering: Learning time: 14 hours 10 minutes

3.  V3.1 ASPICE – Supporting Processes: Learning time: 8 hours 45 minutes

4.  V4.0 ASPICE – 1 – Overview: Learning time: 8 hours 20 minutes

The course “V4.0 ASPICE Overview” is structured into three e-learning units and provides you with a general knowledge about Automotive SPICE.
The first e-learning presents a motivation for using Automotive SPICE and covers the process dimension of the process assessment model. It focuses in particular on the measurement framework.  The most important aspects of the measurement framework are the capability levels, the process attributes and NPLF rating scale.  The second e-learning provides an overview of the contents of the process dimension of process assessment model. In this e-learning, the process reference model is explained in detail.  Finally, the concept of the standard is explained by using the project management process an example. This e-learning provides detailed information about the process purpose, the process outcomes, the base practices and the output information items.

5.  Information Security: Learning time: 5 hours

The course is divided into two topics. First, important terms of information security are defined and the underlying goals are explained. Furthermore, it is clarified who is affected by information security and what it is needed for.

In the second e-learning unit, the practical implementation of information security is explained. Here, risks and threats are presented and explained using examples. Afterwards, the information security management system is defined and its functioning is explained. The introduction of this system is, among other things, the task of the information security officer.

Finally, direct measures are explained on the basis of the 14 reference measure objectives, using ISO 27001 as a source.

6.  Automotive Cybersecurity: Learning time: 3 hours 45 minutes

In the first e-learning unit of this course, you learn why automotive cybersecurity matters. You get introduced to the main reasons for the implementation as well as the top attack points. In the following, you get to know the upcoming regulations and standards as well as the role of cybersecurity in the product life cycle. Then, you get to know the cybersecurity threat analysis and risk assessment, also known as TARA. It is explained through an example so it is easy to understand. At the end of this course, you will learn what the cybersecurity controls and requirements are and you will take a closer look at the cybersecurity verification and validation testing.

Embedded Academy Electromobility Software Developer

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